The recent paper of urdu studies was quite difficult for students.The questions were totally changed compared to previous past papers.there was no question about comparison in Paper 1 as it was used to be instead there was na essay as well as a speech which was founded quite difficult for the students.Students aslo got surprised from Paper 2 of urdu studies.In 2011there was questions about Allam iqbal and Ghalib and same questions about these two figures were found in 2012 paper.so it was quite tough .So it is recommended to students that they should prepare about all figures.Be well prepared and your paper would surely be done according to the grade of A.
Friday, 28 June 2013
Computer ?
What is a Computer?
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept raw data, which is input, process it into meaningful information, which will be output, and store it away in a secondary storage device for safekeeping or later reuse.
Computers work under the control of a stored program, which can be changed.
To function, a computer system requires four main aspects of data handling:
• input
• processing
• output
• storage
Input:
Input devices accept data in a form that the computer can use and then send the data to the processing unit.
Processing:
The central processing unit (CPU) has the electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into information people want. The CPU executes program instructions.
Output:
Output devices show people the processed data in a form that they can use easily.
Storage:
Storage consists of secondary storage devices such as magnetic disks, tapes and CD ROMs, which can store data and programs outside the computer itself. These devices supplement memory, since memory can hold data and programs only temporarily.
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept raw data, which is input, process it into meaningful information, which will be output, and store it away in a secondary storage device for safekeeping or later reuse.
Computers work under the control of a stored program, which can be changed.
To function, a computer system requires four main aspects of data handling:
• input
• processing
• output
• storage
Input:
Input devices accept data in a form that the computer can use and then send the data to the processing unit.
Processing:
The central processing unit (CPU) has the electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into information people want. The CPU executes program instructions.
Output:
Output devices show people the processed data in a form that they can use easily.
Storage:
Storage consists of secondary storage devices such as magnetic disks, tapes and CD ROMs, which can store data and programs outside the computer itself. These devices supplement memory, since memory can hold data and programs only temporarily.
Monday, 24 June 2013
Islamiyat Syllabus
Syllabus 2058/2013-14
SYLLABUS 2058 2013 / 14 AT A GLANCE
Cambridge O Level Islamiyat
Syllabus 2013-14 code 2058
All candidates take two written papers and answer in English. Both papers must be taken for the candidate to be awarded a grade.
Paper 1 1½ hours
Total mark = 50.
Paper 1 contains 5 questions of which candidates must answer Question 1, Question 2 and two
others.
1. Major themes of the Qur’an: Three passages will be set , of which
candidates may choose any two.[8 marks]
2. The history and importance of the Qur’an: This question is usually set in more than one part, and
requires an essay length answer .[14 marks]
3. The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad: One or two questions are set, usually in
more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]
4. The first Islamic community: One or two questions are set, usually in more than one part,
requiring essay length answers.[14 marks]
Paper 2 1½ hours 1½ hours
Total mark = 50.
Paper 2 contains 5 questions of which candidates must answer Question 1, Question 2 and two
others.
1. Major teachings of the Hadiths of the Prophet: Four passages are set ,of which candidates may choose any two.[8 marks]
2. The history and importance of the Hadiths: This question is usually set in more than one part, and requires an essay length answer.[14 marks]
3. The period of rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and their importance as leaders; One or two
questions are set, usually in more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]
4. The Articles of Faith (including jihad) and the Pillars of Islam: One or two questions are set, usually in more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]
SYLLABUS 2058 2013 / 14 AT A GLANCE
Cambridge O Level Islamiyat
Syllabus 2013-14 code 2058
All candidates take two written papers and answer in English. Both papers must be taken for the candidate to be awarded a grade.
Paper 1 1½ hours
Total mark = 50.
Paper 1 contains 5 questions of which candidates must answer Question 1, Question 2 and two
others.
1. Major themes of the Qur’an: Three passages will be set , of which
candidates may choose any two.[8 marks]
2. The history and importance of the Qur’an: This question is usually set in more than one part, and
requires an essay length answer .[14 marks]
3. The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad: One or two questions are set, usually in
more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]
4. The first Islamic community: One or two questions are set, usually in more than one part,
requiring essay length answers.[14 marks]
Paper 2 1½ hours 1½ hours
Total mark = 50.
Paper 2 contains 5 questions of which candidates must answer Question 1, Question 2 and two
others.
1. Major teachings of the Hadiths of the Prophet: Four passages are set ,of which candidates may choose any two.[8 marks]
2. The history and importance of the Hadiths: This question is usually set in more than one part, and requires an essay length answer.[14 marks]
3. The period of rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and their importance as leaders; One or two
questions are set, usually in more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]
4. The Articles of Faith (including jihad) and the Pillars of Islam: One or two questions are set, usually in more than one part, requiring essay length answers. [14 marks]
Modem
The modem is used to connect the computer to the telephone line. The telephone network operates using analogue voice signals, while a computer operates on digital signals. The modem is the bridge between the digital and the analog signals, and therefore provides an interface between computer and telephone systems.
The modem converts on and off digital data into an analogue signal by varying, or modulating, the phase and frequency of an electronic wave. On the receiving end of a phone connection, a modem does just the opposite: it demodulates the analogue signals back into the digital code. These two terms MOdulate and DEModulate give the modem its name.
The modem converts on and off digital data into an analogue signal by varying, or modulating, the phase and frequency of an electronic wave. On the receiving end of a phone connection, a modem does just the opposite: it demodulates the analogue signals back into the digital code. These two terms MOdulate and DEModulate give the modem its name.
Sunday, 23 June 2013
History Of Quran (The Last Divine Revelation)
The words of the Quran were collected as they were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, committed to memory by the early Muslims, and recorded in writing by scribes.
During Life Of Holy Prophet(S.A.W)
As the Quran was being revealed, the Prophet Muhammad made special arrangements to ensure that it was written down. Although the Prophet Muhammad himself could neither read nor write, he dictated the verses orally and instructed scribes to mark down the revelation on whatever materials were available: tree branches, stones, leather, and bones. The scribes would then read their writing back to the Prophet, who would check it for mistakes. With each new verse that was revealed, the Prophet Muhammad also dictated its placement within the growing body of text.
When the Prophet Muhammad died, the Quran has been fully written down. It was not in book form, however. It was recorded on different parchments and materials, held in the possession of the Companions of the Prophet.
During Life Of Caliph Abu Bakr
After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the entire Quran continued to be remembered in the hearts of the early Muslims. Hundreds of the early Companions of the Prophet had memorized the entire revelation, and Muslims daily recited large portions of the text from memory. Many of the early Muslims also had personal written copies of the Quran recorded on various materials.
Ten years after the Hijrah (632 C.E.), many of these scribes and early Muslim devotees were killed in the Battle of Yamama. While the community mourned the loss of their comrades, they also began to worry about the long-term preservation of the Holy Quran. Recognizing that the words of Allah needed to be collected in one place and preserved, the Caliph Abu Bakr ordered all people who had written pages of the Quran to compile them in one place. The project was organized and supervised by one of the Prophet Muhammad’s key scribes, Zayd bin Thabit.
The process of compiling the Quran from these various written pages was done in four steps:
Zayd bin Thabit verified each verse with his own memory.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab verified each verse. Both men had memorized the entire Quran.
Two reliable witnesses had to testify that the verses were written in the presence of the Prophet Muhammad.
The verified written verses were collated with those from the collections of other Companions.
This method of cross-checking and verifying from more than one source was undertaken with the utmost care. The purpose was to prepare an organized document which the entire community could verify, endorse, and use as a resource when needed.
This complete text of the Quran was kept in the possession of Abu Bakr, and then passed on to the next Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab. After his death, they were given to his daughter Hafsah (who was also a widow of the Prophet Muhammad).
During Life Of Caliph Uthman
As Islam began to spread throughout the Arabian peninsula, more and more people entered the fold of Islam from as far away as Persia and Byzantine. Many of these new Muslims were not native Arabic speakers, or they spoke a slightly different Arabic pronunciation from the tribes in Makkah and Madinah. People began to dispute about which pronunciations were most correct. Caliph Uthman bin Affan took charge of ensuring that the recitation of the Quran is of a standard pronunciation.
The first step was to borrow the original, compiled copy of the Quran from Hafsah. A committee of early Muslim scribes was tasked with making transcripts of the original copy, and ensuring the sequence of the chapters (surahs). When these perfect copies had been completed, Uthman bin Affan ordered all remaining transcripts to be destroyed, so that all copies of the Quran were uniform in script.
All Qurans available in the world today are exactly identical to the Uthmani version, which was completed less than twenty years after the death of Prophet Muhammad.
Later, some minor improvements were made in the Arabic script (adding dots and diacritical marks), to make it easier for non-Arabs to read. However, the text of the Quran has remained the same.
During Life Of Holy Prophet(S.A.W)
As the Quran was being revealed, the Prophet Muhammad made special arrangements to ensure that it was written down. Although the Prophet Muhammad himself could neither read nor write, he dictated the verses orally and instructed scribes to mark down the revelation on whatever materials were available: tree branches, stones, leather, and bones. The scribes would then read their writing back to the Prophet, who would check it for mistakes. With each new verse that was revealed, the Prophet Muhammad also dictated its placement within the growing body of text.
When the Prophet Muhammad died, the Quran has been fully written down. It was not in book form, however. It was recorded on different parchments and materials, held in the possession of the Companions of the Prophet.
During Life Of Caliph Abu Bakr
After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the entire Quran continued to be remembered in the hearts of the early Muslims. Hundreds of the early Companions of the Prophet had memorized the entire revelation, and Muslims daily recited large portions of the text from memory. Many of the early Muslims also had personal written copies of the Quran recorded on various materials.
Ten years after the Hijrah (632 C.E.), many of these scribes and early Muslim devotees were killed in the Battle of Yamama. While the community mourned the loss of their comrades, they also began to worry about the long-term preservation of the Holy Quran. Recognizing that the words of Allah needed to be collected in one place and preserved, the Caliph Abu Bakr ordered all people who had written pages of the Quran to compile them in one place. The project was organized and supervised by one of the Prophet Muhammad’s key scribes, Zayd bin Thabit.
The process of compiling the Quran from these various written pages was done in four steps:
Zayd bin Thabit verified each verse with his own memory.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab verified each verse. Both men had memorized the entire Quran.
Two reliable witnesses had to testify that the verses were written in the presence of the Prophet Muhammad.
The verified written verses were collated with those from the collections of other Companions.
This method of cross-checking and verifying from more than one source was undertaken with the utmost care. The purpose was to prepare an organized document which the entire community could verify, endorse, and use as a resource when needed.
This complete text of the Quran was kept in the possession of Abu Bakr, and then passed on to the next Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab. After his death, they were given to his daughter Hafsah (who was also a widow of the Prophet Muhammad).
During Life Of Caliph Uthman
As Islam began to spread throughout the Arabian peninsula, more and more people entered the fold of Islam from as far away as Persia and Byzantine. Many of these new Muslims were not native Arabic speakers, or they spoke a slightly different Arabic pronunciation from the tribes in Makkah and Madinah. People began to dispute about which pronunciations were most correct. Caliph Uthman bin Affan took charge of ensuring that the recitation of the Quran is of a standard pronunciation.
The first step was to borrow the original, compiled copy of the Quran from Hafsah. A committee of early Muslim scribes was tasked with making transcripts of the original copy, and ensuring the sequence of the chapters (surahs). When these perfect copies had been completed, Uthman bin Affan ordered all remaining transcripts to be destroyed, so that all copies of the Quran were uniform in script.
All Qurans available in the world today are exactly identical to the Uthmani version, which was completed less than twenty years after the death of Prophet Muhammad.
Later, some minor improvements were made in the Arabic script (adding dots and diacritical marks), to make it easier for non-Arabs to read. However, the text of the Quran has remained the same.
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